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United States Refugee Admissions Program
The United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) is an interagency effort involving a number of governmental and non-governmental partners both overseas and in the U.S. designed “to offer resettlement opportunities to persons overseas who are of special humanitarian concern, while protecting national security and combating fraud.” The program specifically targets those who have fled their country because of past or future persecution. “Program objectives include arranging for refugees' placement by ensuring that approved refugees are sponsored and offered appropriate assistance upon arrival in the U.S., providing refugees with basic necessities and core services during their initial resettlement period, and promoting refugee self-sufficiency through employment as soon as possible after arrival in the U.S. in coordination with other refugee service and assistance programs.”
==History==
Precursors. The United States Refugee Admissions Program originated from the Refugee Act of 1980. As United States armed forces prepared to evacuate Southeast Asia at the end of the Vietnam War, millions of refugees were left homeless and vulnerable to persecution from the recently empowered Communist regime. In response, President Gerald Ford signed the Indochina Migration and Refugee Assistance Act to facilitate the relocation and immigration of up to 200,000 displaced persons at a cost of $1 billion. By 1980, the Refugee Act was signed by President Jimmy Carter to establish an official and comprehensive policy for United States refugee immigration. The Refugee Act defined a refugee as, “a person outside of his or her country or nationality who is unable or unwilling to return because of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution.” 〔 Carter's policy inspired the creation of USRAP.
United States Refugee Admissions Program. The USRAP is a constantly evolving program. Though it has not been officially revised since the Refugee Act of 1980, the procedures for implementation have changed from year to year, creating inconsistencies between the projected ceiling and the actual number of refugees admitted. For example, just over 56,000 refugees were admitted in 2011 although the ceiling was set at 80,000.〔 This gap can be explained by changes in pre-departure checks, introduction of additional security checks, and inconsistent pre-departure orientation or anticipatory planning. The 2012 ceiling is set at 76,000, and officials project they will reach the proposed ceiling.
Defense Authorization Act. At times the nature of refugee admissions has changed according to a shift in political climate. One such example is the Defense Authorization Act, which was signed by 2008 by George Bush and authorized more funding for national defense. One clause of the Act gave “special immigration status for certain Iraqi aliens,” facilitating the immigration for Iraqis who provided special services to the United States, offering resettlement aid and entitlement programs. This again shows how USRAP procedures have been inconsistently implemented.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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